IN THIS ISSUE
NEWS: Debt-free college proposal faces S.C. hurdles
PALMETTO POLITICS: Trump on top, but …
TALLY SHEET: A look at this week’s pre-filed bills
COMMENTARY: South Carolina needs some gun sense
SPOTLIGHT: United Way Association of South Carolina
MY TURN, Bernadette Hampton: Pay our teachers better
FEEDBACK: Letters on Haley, wind
SCORECARD: From Tinkler to Trump
NUMBER: 10
QUOTE: Dump on Trump
S.C. ENCYCLOPEDIA: The New Deal, part two
NEWS
Debt-free college proposal faces hurdles in S.C.
By Andy Brack, editor and publisher
DEC. 11, 2015 | Progressive lawmakers across the nation said they’d offer legislation in 10 states, including South Carolina, to seek debt-free college for students, a policy proposal that’s emerged in recent months as a top campaign issue in Democratic circles.
“I’m excited to see all three of our presidential candidates have made this an issue in their campaigns,” said state Rep. Gilda Cobb-Hunter, an Orangeburg Democrat who introduced a resolution on the issue Thursday. It calls for the state legislature to pass a measure to tell Congress to enact legislation for debt-free college by boosting aid to state and students, and to reduce debt of current students.
While Democrats hope to capitalize on allowing students to graduate from public colleges and universities without debt, Republicans say, “Not so fast.”
The goal of making college more affordable has merit, said GOP state Rep. Jim Merrill of Daniel Island, who chairs the House Ways and Means subcommittee on higher education.
But he added, “I don’t totally think that is necessarily on the priority list of government functions right now.”
What Democrats want
Democrats say debt-free college is the answer to helping students get higher education because a post-secondary degree is almost required for future success in the U.S. labor market. Unfortunately as the nation’s middle class shrinks, the cost of a college degree is out of range for more Americans with a college education costing 250 percent more today than three decades ago.
Debt-free college means that students can graduate from all public colleges and universities with zero debt. It can be achieved through a variety of ways, including more federal aid to the states, more aid to students, and innovations that reduce college costs.
Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton has made student debt a linchpin of her campaign, calling for a $350 million student debt reform plan that would make college accessible without loans. Clinton’s “New College Compact” calls for students to not have to borrow to pay for tuition, books and fees and to receive some living expenses. It would require families to help pay, but states and the federal government would have to pay more too. Additionally, students with current debt would be able to refinance loans and save money. Her plan would be paid for by “limiting certain tax expenditures for high-income taxpayers.”
Cobb-Hunter and other state leaders say debt-free college should be paid for through more federal aid to states to reduce tuition, more direct aid to students, increased accountability and cuts to underlying costs of college.
“A simple and progressive way to ensure these [tuition] costs can be covered would be to ensure tuition is covered at public institutions while still allowing students to access Pell Grants to cover non-tuition costs,” according to a proposal by the Progressive Change Campaign Committee.
[NEW] U.S. Sen. Bernie Sanders, who also is running for the Democratic nomination for president, lauded Cobb-Hunter’s bill in a statement today: “Crippling student debt prevents too many Americans from gaining access to higher education and burdens them for decades after they graduate. I urge the state legislature to act swiftly to help make the college dream a reality for all South Carolinians.”
GOP says it’s not time for South Carolina
But the devil is in the details, the GOP’s Merrill said.
“Many of the things they’re talking about just lead us down the road of greater government involvement in people ‘s live and dependency,” he said. “We have to look at a bunch of different things when it comes to higher education, not the least of which is the Utopian world that higher education lives in.
“It doesn’t have the checks and balances that exist in the private sector. That’s not a recipe for a good government program by any stretch of the imagination.”
S.C. GOP Chairman Matt Moore added, “College needs to be affordable and accessible for as many as possible, but nothing is truly ‘free.’ The money has to come from somewhere.
“But to an even bigger point, throwing more money at an already inefficient delivery system does nothing to incentivize innovation and quality. Our country is struggling with workforce preparedness, so we need solutions that increase preparedness and quality while not limiting access.”
GOP presidential candidates, who face voters in South Carolina on Feb. 20, haven’t jumped on the debt-free college bandwagon.
N.J. Gov. Chris Christie, for example, criticized the proposal as a “typical liberal approach.” While he said Congress should expand financial aid programs for low-income students and perhaps consider tax credits for donors to higher education organizations, students who want to go to college have to “take personal responsibility to grasp the opportunities in higher education.”
Andy Brack is editor and publisher of Statehouse Report. Have a comment? Send to: feedback@statehousereport.com
PALMETTO POLITICSTrump on top, but …
Tycoon Donald Trump remained on top of the GOP presidential field in a Winthrop Poll released Thursday garnering 24 percent of likely GOP voters. But as timing would have it, the weeklong poll of 828 residents “came out of the field” or finished on Dec. 7 — the same day Trump made a controversial statement about keeping Muslims from entering the country. And that could impact perceptions since then (so it’s important to keep that in mind when looking at the numbers).
In descending order, here is a list of candidates state GOP likely voters say they would support if the state’s Feb. 20 GOP presidential primary “were held today” (meaning when they were asked Nov. 30 to Dec. 7):
Donald Trump, 24%- U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz, 16%
- Dr. Ben Carson, 14%
- U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio, 11%
- Former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush, 9%
- Former Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina, 2%
- U.S. Sen. Lindsey Graham, 2%
- Former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee, 2%
- N.J. Gov. Chris Christie, 1%
- Ohio Gov. John Kasich, 1%
- U.S. Sen. Rand Paul, 1%.
“Trump leads across multiple categories of voters from a high of 35 percent among those who wish to create a database of Muslims in the U.S. to a low of 22 percent among evangelical Christians, who will make up nearly 60 percent of the S.C. GOP presidential primary electorate,” said Winthrop Poll Director Scott Huffmon. “Ted Cruz is tied with Ben Carson at 17 percent among evangelicals. This is a significant drop for Carson among evangelicals. He registered 33 percent support among this group in a Monmouth Poll a month ago. It is worth noting that one in five evangelicals remain undecided.
“Trump’s support is high among those who express anger — as opposed to frustration or contentment — with the government. He rakes in nearly a third of the angry voters, 9 percentage points higher than Ted Cruz, his nearest rival in this category.”
TALLY SHEETMembers pre-file more bills
State senators pre-filed 16 bills on Dec. 9, while House members added another five dozen pre-filed on Dec. 10. When legislators return in January, they’ll have more than 950 Senate bills and almost 1,600 House bills in the hopper to consider, minus the ones passed earlier this year. Pre-filing is now closed for 2015. To bills are listed below:
IN THE SENATE
Statehouse permits. S. 944 (Peeler) calls for the state Department of Administration to develop a permit process for use of the Capitol grounds.
Health decisions. S. 956 (M.B. Matthews) would prohibit people who can make health care decisions to be unable to execute arbitration agreements on behalf of from patients who can’t consent, with several provisions.
Psych test. S. 958 (M.B. Matthews) calls for a psychological test to be completed before certification of a candidate to become a law enforcement officer, with several provisions.
IN THE HOUSE
- Click here for this week’s pre-filed bills. (We’ll summarize them soon.)
- Read last week’s pre-filed bills.
Let’s have some real gun sense in S.C.
By Andy Brack, editor and publisher
DEC. 11, 2015 | Somewhere recently on Facebook, I came across a cartoon that showed a guy sitting on a beach enjoying a drink. The caption read something like, “Another sunny day on the beach in Australia without an outbreak of gun violence.”
The same can’t be said for America. An average of 90 people a day die somehow in the United States because of a guns. In the 35 years since musician John Lennon was shot five times in the back by a man with a revolver, more than 1.1 million Americans have died because of guns. In fact, records show more people have died from guns since 1970 than in all wars fought by Americans since the Revolutionary War.
Gun violence is out of control. And yet, the nation sits on its haunches doing virtually nothing. Congress cowers to the gun lobby, which stays on message that guns don’t kill people but people do.
Umm, that’s kind of the point — people using guns kill people. We make it too easy for them to get guns. And gun killings happen far too often. What we’re doing in America isn’t working, as evidenced by massacres in Newtown, Charleston, Aurora and now San Bernandino. Instead of continuing to embrace public policy that allows massacres to continue, why don’t we try something new — as Australia did following a massacre in Tasmania?
After 35 people died in Port Arthur in 1996, Australia essentially banned assault rifles and put strict controls on who could have handguns. It did not, however, eliminate guns. Hunters and sportsmen still have shotguns and rifles. Handguns are permitted, in special situations. The point is, however, is that the Australians really keep up on who has guns and regulates them so there’s not a Wild West culture in their neighborhoods and on their streets.
Any thinking person knows you’ll never get rid of guns in America. But with Congress paralyzed, there are some things state and local governments can do now, especially since the U.S. Supreme Court this week declined to hear an Illinois case. The decision was a loss for gun owners who challenged a 2013 law by one town that banned ownership of assault rifles and high-capacity magazines. Similar laws in New York and Connecticut have been upheld.
So if the place for real action to reduce gun violence is closer to home, maybe South Carolina legislators should seriously consider some of the 15 common-sense measures introduced last week:
Ban assault rifles. If you don’t want radicalized Muslim extremists or radicalized Christian or domestic American terrorists to shoot up public places, maybe it needs to be harder for them to get these guns. Any real hunter will tell you that you don’t need an AK-47 to hunt deer.
Require permits for purchases. In North Carolina, anyone who wants a handgun has to get a permit from the state, which gives authorities time to make sure it’s O.K. for the person to have one. Once a permit is granted — and it doesn’t take too long — the person can buy any handgun he or she wants.
Finish background checks. Federally-licensed gun dealers today are required to do background checks on people who want guns. While more than 90 percent of checks are completed in a few minutes, authorities have three days to finish any that aren’t vetted through a computer system. If they’re not done in three days, sales can go through. Some new proposals call for a waiting period — or for background checks to be completed — before sales can be finished.
Close loopholes. More than 40 percent of gun sales are thought to be done through the Internet or at unregulated gun sales, according to federal research. Requiring background checks for those sales outlets likely would reduce gun deaths. According to the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, California saw a 57 percent drop in gun deaths by 2013 after it closed the loophole in 1990. And what happened when Missouri repealed similar background checks? Gun murders went up 23 percent.
It’s time to listen to these kind of practical proposals by a new grassroots group, Gun Sense SC, to reduce gun violence. Gunning up hasn’t worked. Let’s try gunning down.
Andy Brack is editor and publisher of Statehouse Report. Send feedback to: feedback@statehousereport.com.
IN THE SPOTLIGHTUnited Way Association of South Carolina
The public spiritedness of our underwriters allows us to bring Statehouse Report to you at no cost. This week, we shine a spotlight on the United Way Association of South Carolina. It is the common voice of the 29 independent, locally-government United Ways in the Palmetto State that work together to create long-lasting opportunities for everyone to have the good life. The organizations focus on education to help children and youths achieve their potential so they can get a stable job; income to promote financial stability and independence; and improving people’s health.
Advancing the common good is about helping one person at a time and about changing systems to help all of us. The associations believes we all win when a child succeeds in school, when families are financially stable, and when people are healthy. The organization’s goal is to create long-lasting changes by addressing the underlying causes of these problems. “Living United” means being a part of the change. It takes everyone in the community working together to create a brighter future. Give. Advocate. Volunteer. LIVE UNITED.
- More: http://www.uwasc.org
What do we want South Carolina’s public education system to be?
By Bernadette R. Hampton
DEC. 11, 2015 | Local public schools are often referred to as the heart of South Carolina’s communities, especially in our rural areas. By increasing the starting pay for all teachers to $40,000, our public schools can also become a stable and growing economic base to bring employment and prosperity to our struggling communities.
As of now, South Carolina’s average starting teacher salary is $32,389, and ranks 39th nationally and 10th lowest out of 12 Southeastern states. Attracting and retaining qualified teachers in our public schools requires paying them a professional living wage. A teacher’s starting salary must be comparable to that of other college graduates who have similar education and training.
When considering raising public educator’s pay to a minimum of $40,000 per year, we need to ask ourselves: Do we merely look at public education in South Carolina as an obligation? Is our public education system thought of as a necessary expense that means allowing just the minimum and most basic levels of funding as a hand-out to our state’s children, or do we consider it an investment in preparing them to be productive citizens and torch bearers for our continued economic growth?
The fact that the Abbeville School District v. State of South Carolina lawsuit took 22 years to churn to its conclusion and given that lawmakers and judicial forces fought so stridently to undermine its goal of simply bringing equity for underfunded and struggling rural school districts shows there are many who have the complete wrong idea about what our educational system is and what it seeks to accomplish. We should think of our public education system not as a cost, but a recognizable and measurable investment that fully prepares children for immediate introduction into local economic engines; an investment that yields immediate beneficial return.
A multitude of factors can determine children’s learning rates. Depending on where they live or their parent’s backgrounds (factors our children have no control over), children start their educational journeys at different places. As some have more opportunities than others, children arrive at different and polarized destinations. We should endeavor to ensure all children in all school districts arrive at equitable or similar educative destinations, giving each child the same formative background to further not just their own and their family’s economic growth, but the economic sustainability and growth of their communities as well. We want fewer children leaving schools only to become dependent on social services or safety nets, or even worse victims of unending incarceration, but instead to become income earners, generators and providers of deeper and expansive tax bases — particularly in our struggling rural communities.
There are other and deeper ways to think about the value of a $40,000 beginning salary for teachers. Above and beyond the goal of attracting quality teachers to schools in our rural and underserved communities, and ensuring their retention in those areas, imagine the stable economic base communities would glean from multiple workers earning a minimum $40,000 income. In Abbeville, there are 10 schools with a minimum of 20 teachers at each school. That would mean a minimum of 200 people in a community of approximately 25,000 people with an annual $40,000 in buying power.
The Rural School and Community Trust study concluded that an increase in per pupil spending of 20 percent, to include a recommended minimum pay rate of $40,000, would increase the high school completion rate by 22.9 percentage points, increase adult earnings by 24.6 percent and reduce the incidence of adult poverty by 19.7 percentage points.
These studies conclude that public school spending in rural communities has a particularly strong effect in the near term, and that spending is high labor intensity, high local purchase intensity and serves as a relatively high share of the local economy.
Teacher pay has a tremendous impact on a local school district’s ability to attract and retain high quality teachers and staff. Increasing public teacher salaries in South Carolina to a minimum of $40,000 will bring a lasting and immediate positive effect in our communities.
Bernadette R. Hampton is the president of the South Carolina Education Association.
FEEDBACKLikes wind alternative, but worries about birds
To the editor:
My big concern if wind energy is used of off the S.C. coast is, will we have any sea birds left after a few years? I’ve read reports that said where other areas have had massive bird kills after the wind turbines were installed. I don’t know if the birds ever get used to the blades, but hate to see a pile of dead birds off the coast. Otherwise I believe wind is a great alternative for fossil fuels.
— Brian Koller, Conway, S.C.
EDITOR’S NOTE: Thanks for the note, Brian. Big turbine blades move relatively slowly, which apparently is something birds can adapt to, as suggested in this study.
Georgian admires Haley on immigration
To the editor:
As we are seeing now in our country, current immigrants are a bit different from those entering our country in the past. Yes, we should extend our welcome to those seeking refuge for their safety, but what we have never had before are members of ISIS who has a goal of destroying Americans and make no bones about it! The latest massacre in California proves this. If they are entering this country under the false pretense of seeking refuge, then these people need to be discovered BEFORE they murder innocent people. I am a third generation of German immigrants who arrived here in the late 1800s, but things were different then….my ancestors arrived to definitely make better lives for themselves and to contribute to making this a great country.
I admire your wonderful governor in South Carolina, and what she is doing is trying to protect those of you in your beautiful state who still live in freedom! What happened in Charleston in the church massacre might only be a forerunner of what is to come if members of ISIS are permitted to enter the country and plan to massacre South Carolinians! Charleston was a wonderful example of how Christianity can thrive, but unless these Syrian refugees are thoroughly vetted upon entering the U.S., we could be harboring the enemy wearing sheep’s clothing. Instead of belittling your governor, you should be thankful that she loves her people so much that she is thinking only of your safety under her watch!
– Carolyn Kershner, Augusta, Ga.
EDITOR’S NOTE: Thanks for your thoughts. We don’t disagree with your first paragraph, but are not big fans of the Haley-esque xenophobia and fear-mongering in the second. Our recent column [“Pandering to fear isn’t the American way”] didn’t suggest letting ISIS into the U.S.
Send us a letter. We love hearing from our readers and encourage you to share your opinions. Letters to the editor are published weekly. We reserve the right to edit for length and clarity. We generally publish all comments about South Carolina politics or policy issues, unless they are libelous or unnecessarily inflammatory. One submission is allowed per month. Submission of a comment grants permission to us to reprint. Comments are limited to 250 words or less. Please include your name and contact information.
- Send your letters to: feedback@statehousereport.com
From Tinkler to Trump
Thumbs up
Tinkler. Good idea by state Rep. Mary Tinkler, D-Charleston, to have private donations pay for the display of the Confederate flag in the state’s Relic Room. Sounds like a Democrat using a Republican tactic — private funding — to come to a compromise. More.
Winthrop. Pretty good idea to drop the name of “Pitchfork Ben” Tillman from a top academic prize. While we’re not so revisionist that we want to change the names of buildings or topple statues honoring past work, a prize to inspire students doesn’t need to memorialize a racist. More.
Teen birth rate. See? More education about how babies are made helps to lower rates of teen pregnancy, which cuts costs on the system. More.
Califf. President Obama has picked South Carolina native Robert Califf to be the head of the Food and Drug Administration. He was born in Anderson and graduated from A.C. Flora High School in Columbia. Congratulations. More.
In the middle
Haley. Kudos to Gov. Nikki Haley for trying to get rid of some of the state’s surplus property. We were surprised, however, that she couldn’t find more than $35 million or so in savings. Maybe it’s because a lot more assessment work needs to be done. More.
Santee Cooper. So the state-owned utility has approved a rate hike, but a big manufacturer (an aluminum smelter) may have to close because it can’t get a deal to stay in business. The utility, however, tells Century Aluminum employees that it has offered a good deal. Hmmm. More.
Thumbs down
Health ranking. South Carolina maintained its lousy rating on being healthy. A new report showed the state, rife with obesity, smoking and violent crime, posted the ninth lowest ranking nationally. More.
Trump. You might find this interesting: The Trump campaign has been named a “hate group” by the Southern Poverty Law Center. After this week’s rant in Mount Pleasant, it may be deserved.
NUMBERS10
That’s the percentage that teen pregnancies dropped between 2013 and 2014 in South Carolina, according to state data. In fact, the state’s teen birth rate has declined 61 percent since peaking in 1991, the S.C. Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy said in a release quoting from state Department of Health and Environmental Control data. Since 1991, declines have been most dramatic among African American females aged 15 to 17 whose birth rate dropped 77 percent.
“It is fair to say we have done a great job in our state educating young people about the importance of delaying pregnancy,” said Campaign CEO Forrest Alton. “There’s been a great deal of energy and focus in South Carolina around an abstinence message, which of course is the first and best choice for all teens. We are also getting better at providing age-appropriate contraception for those youth who are having sex. This is the magic formula required to reduce teen pregnancy, less sex and more contraception.”
QUOTETalking point: Dump on Trump
“As a conservative who truly cares about religious liberty, Donald Trump’s bad idea and rhetoric send a shiver down my spine,” he tweeted. “American exceptionalism means always defending our inalienable rights, not attacking them when it’s politically convenient.”
— Matt Moore, chairman, S.C. GOP, via CNN, on GOP presidential candidate Donald Trump’s controversial pronouncement to keep Muslims out of the U.S.
“He’s a race-baiting, xenophobic religious bigot. He doesn’t represent my party. He doesn’t represent the values that the men and women who wear the uniform are fighting for… He’s the ISIL man of the year.”
— GOP U.S. Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina after Trump’s comments. More.
S.C. ENCYCLOPEDIAThe New Deal
S.C. Encyclopedia (part 2 of 2) | Aiding the National Recovery Administration (NRA) in effecting business recovery was the Public Works Administration (PWA), which stimulated purchases in construction and related industries such as steel, cement, and lumber. In South Carolina the PWA was synonymous with the construction of public housing at University Terrace, Gonzales Gardens, and Calhoun Court in Columbia and Cooper River Court, Meeting Street Manor, and Anson Borough Homes in Charleston, eighty-seven schools and ten city halls and courthouses across the state, and massive hydroelectric projects at Buzzard Roost in Greenwood County and Santee Cooper in the Lowcountry. Both hydroelectric projects helped mightily in the effort to electrify rural areas, expand recreational opportunities, eradicate malaria, and attract industry to the state. Both also required massive amounts of labor at a time when jobs were scarce.
More important in helping the unemployed were the various relief agencies. The Federal Emergency Relief Act of 1933 appropriated $500 million to be channeled through the forty-eight state relief administrations to alleviate unemployment and human misery. The South Carolina Emergency Relief Administration (SCERA) spent its allotment on both direct relief for unemployables and work relief for those able to work. The latter earned SCERA dollars, and later Civil Works Administration (CWA) dollars, through work at jobs in sewing rooms, libraries, swamp drainage, local infrastructure construction, literacy training, reconstruction of Charleston’s Dock Street Theater, and the construction of highways, bridges, and schools.
In 1935 the Roosevelt administration created the Works Progress Administration (WPA) to take over work relief, while insisting that the states assume responsibility for their unemployables. The state of South Carolina, aided by federal grants under Social Security, created the South Carolina Department of Public Welfare to look after the needy. Meanwhile, the WPA undertook the most massive work-relief effort in the state’s history. Indeed, for several years the WPA was the state’s largest employer. Its fruits included the construction or improvement of 1,138 bridges, 11,699 culverts, 10,000 miles of highways, 2,179 schools, and 1,267 noneducational buildings such as courthouses and jails. Less visible but also valuable were the 2.1 million garments made for the poor in WPA sewing rooms, literacy efforts that all but wiped out illiteracy in the educable population, the publication of the nationally known South Carolina: A Guide to the Palmetto State (1941), and music classes and concerts for more than twenty percent of the state’s citizens.
The most popular of all New Deal programs in the Palmetto State was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). This program put unemployed young males between the ages of seventeen and twenty-five years into South Carolina’s thirty CCC camps to do conservation work, which by 1939 included thinning almost fifty thousand acres of forests, devoting more than 115,000 man-days to planting trees, and spending almost 120,000 hours fighting forest fires. The young men also constructed more than 5,400 miles of fire breaks, almost 1,500 miles of truck trails, and the state’s first fourteen state parks. In 1938 alone, an estimated one-fourth of the state’s citizens enjoyed the new state parks. By 1939 almost 32,000 South Carolinians had served in the CCC.
Also by 1939, other less visible but equally valuable New Deal agencies had improved conditions in the Palmetto State. The National Youth Administration (NYA) paid $1.1 million in wages to almost twenty thousand high school and college students who could not have remained in school without the jobs provided by the NYA. The Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC), which purchased mortgages from lenders and then renegotiated more favorable terms with the borrowers, saved ten percent of the state’s nonfarm homes from foreclosure. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA), which insured more than twelve thousand loans totaling almost $15 million, made credit available to home buyers when none existed in the private sector. The presence of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance so restored popular confidence in banking that bank failures in South Carolina dropped from an average of twenty-five per year between 1921 and 1933 to just two banks in the five years between 1934 and 1939.
Results of the New Deal in South Carolina were mixed. It did not challenge racial segregation, which existed in every New Deal program. Neither did the New Deal dismantle the state’s conservative political culture, local power structure, legislative supremacy, or prevailing notions of class, gender, and race. On the other hand, the New Deal restored confidence in democracy, capitalism, and progress. It kept farmers, mill owners, bankers, and mill workers out of bankruptcy long enough for them to prosper during and after World War II. The programs in work relief and public works were responsible for the state’s first public housing, two massive hydroelectric complexes, and thousands of miles of highways, bridges, sewage systems, and water systems. The program in industrial recovery and reform brought permanent shorter hours, higher wages, better working conditions, and labor’s right to organize. The program for agricultural recovery brought permanent price supports, acreage reduction, agricultural credit, soil conservation, and rural electrification. The New Deal launched the national careers of politicians such as Olin D. Johnston and Burnet Maybank and furthered the career of James F. Byrnes, who helped author or served as Senate floor manager for at least eight major pieces of New Deal legislation. The state’s current system of alcoholic beverage control began with the New Deal. Also starting during the New Deal was African American activism, which culminated in the civil rights movement in the decades following World War II. Truly, the New Deal was a watershed in the state’s history.
– Excerpted from the entry by Jack Irby Hayes. See Part One. To read more about this or 2,000 other entries about South Carolina, check out The South Carolina Encyclopedia by USC Press. (Information used by permission.)
CREDITSEditor and Publisher: Andy Brack
Senior Editor: Bill Davis
Contributing Photographers: Michael Kaynard, Linda W. Brown
Phone: 843.670.3996
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Excerpts from The South Carolina Encyclopedia are published with permission and copyrighted 2006 by the Humanities Council SC. Excerpts were edited by Walter Edgar and published by the University of South Carolina Press. Statehouse Report has partnered with USC Press to provide readers with this interesting weekly historical excerpt about the state. Republication is not allowed. For additional information about Statehouse Report, including information on underwriting, go to https://www.statehousereport.com/.
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